![]() A source of high voltage such as a Leyden jar (a type of capacitor) or a static electricity generator is applied to the needle, typically through a spark gap. The point is positioned very near or contacting the plate. Two-dimensional (2D) Lichtenberg figures can be produced by placing a sharp-pointed needle perpendicular to the surface of a non-conducting plate, such as of resin, ebonite, or glass. Although Lichtenberg only studied two-dimensional (2D) figures, modern high voltage researchers study 2D and 3D figures ( electrical trees) on, and within, insulating materials. ![]() ![]() This discovery was also the forerunner of the modern day science of plasma physics. By then pressing blank sheets of paper onto these patterns, Lichtenberg was able to transfer and record these images, thereby discovering the basic principle of modern xerography. After discharging a high voltage point to the surface of an insulator, he recorded the resulting radial patterns by sprinkling various powdered materials onto the surface. In 1777, Lichtenberg built a large electrophorus to generate high voltage static electricity through induction. When they were first discovered, it was thought that their characteristic shapes might help to reveal the nature of positive and negative electric "fluids". ![]() Lichtenberg figures are named after the German physicist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, who originally discovered and studied them.
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